Endocrine Anatomy MCQ MBBS basic science
Posted by Question: Which gland is responsible for the regulation of metabolism, growth, and development?
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a) Pineal gland
b) Thyroid gland
c) Adrenal gland
d) Pituitary glandCorrect Answer: b) Thyroid gland
Explanation: The thyroid gland regulates metabolism, growth, and development through the secretion of thyroid hormones.
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Question: Which of the following is required for crystallization and storage of the hormone insulin?
a) Mn++
b) Mg++
c) Ca++
d) Zn++Correct Answer: d) Zn++
Explanation: Zinc ions are crucial for the crystallization and storage of insulin in the pancreas.
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Question: Which of the following hormones is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas?
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Somatostatin
d) CortisolCorrect Answer: b) Glucagon
Explanation: Glucagon is produced by the alpha cells of the pancreas and raises blood glucose levels.
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Question: The secretion of which hormone is primarily regulated by the hypothalamus?
a) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
b) Prolactin
c) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
d) CortisolCorrect Answer: a) Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
Explanation: TSH secretion is controlled by thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) from the hypothalamus.
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Question: Which hormone is responsible for the "fight or flight" response?
a) Cortisol
b) Adrenaline
c) Insulin
d) Growth hormoneCorrect Answer: b) Adrenaline
Explanation: Adrenaline (epinephrine) is responsible for preparing the body for a fight or flight response.
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Question: The posterior pituitary gland stores and releases which of the following hormones?
a) Prolactin
b) Oxytocin
c) Growth hormone
d) ThyrotropinCorrect Answer: b) Oxytocin
Explanation: Oxytocin and antidiuretic hormone (ADH) are stored and released by the posterior pituitary.
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Question: Which of the following glands is located in the neck region?
a) Pineal gland
b) Thyroid gland
c) Parathyroid gland
d) Both b and cCorrect Answer: d) Both b and c
Explanation: Both the thyroid and parathyroid glands are located in the neck region.
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Question: The adrenal cortex produces all of the following except:
a) Aldosterone
b) Cortisol
c) Androgens
d) AdrenalineCorrect Answer: d) Adrenaline
Explanation: Adrenaline is produced by the adrenal medulla, not the cortex.
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Question: The release of thyroid hormones is primarily regulated by:
a) Cortisol
b) Insulin
c) TSH
d) GHCorrect Answer: c) TSH
Explanation: Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) regulates the release of thyroid hormones from the thyroid gland.
- Question: The adrenal medulla secretes which of the following hormones?
a) Aldosterone
b) Cortisol
c) Epinephrine
d) Prolactin
Correct Answer: c) Epinephrine
Explanation: The adrenal medulla secretes epinephrine (adrenaline) and norepinephrine.
- Question: Which hormone stimulates milk production in the mammary glands?
a) Prolactin
b) Oxytocin
c) Estrogen
d) Progesterone
Correct Answer: a) Prolactin
Explanation: Prolactin is responsible for the initiation of milk production in the mammary glands.
- Question: The pineal gland produces which of the following hormones?
a) Melatonin
b) Insulin
c) Thyroxine
d) Aldosterone
Correct Answer: a) Melatonin
Explanation: The pineal gland secretes melatonin, which helps regulate the sleep-wake cycle.
- Question: The parathyroid glands are located:
a) In the brain
b) Near the kidneys
c) Behind the thyroid gland
d) In the abdominal cavity
Correct Answer: c) Behind the thyroid gland
Explanation: The parathyroid glands are located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland.
- Question: Which of the following is the primary function of aldosterone?
a) Increase blood glucose
b) Promote water reabsorption in kidneys
c) Stimulate milk production
d) Inhibit the immune response
Correct Answer: b) Promote water reabsorption in kidneys
Explanation: Aldosterone helps regulate sodium and water balance by promoting sodium reabsorption in the kidneys.
- Question: The hormone responsible for the regulation of blood calcium levels is:
a) Insulin
b) Parathyroid hormone
c) Thyroid hormone
d) Cortisol
Correct Answer: b) Parathyroid hormone
Explanation: Parathyroid hormone (PTH) regulates blood calcium levels by increasing calcium release from bones.
- Question: Which part of the pituitary gland secretes growth hormone?
a) Anterior pituitary
b) Posterior pituitary
c) Both anterior and posterior pituitary
d) Hypothalamus
Correct Answer: a) Anterior pituitary
Explanation: Growth hormone (GH) is secreted by the anterior pituitary.
- Question: Which of the following is NOT a function of insulin?
a) Promotes glucose uptake by cells
b) Stimulates the breakdown of glycogen
c) Lowers blood glucose levels
d) Promotes fat storage
Correct Answer: b) Stimulates the breakdown of glycogen
Explanation: Insulin promotes the storage of glucose as glycogen, rather than breaking it down.
- Question: Which hormone is responsible for the regulation of the circadian rhythm?
a) Insulin
b) Melatonin
c) Estrogen
d) Prolactin
Correct Answer: b) Melatonin
Explanation: Melatonin helps regulate the body's circadian rhythms.
- Question: The hormone that inhibits the release of growth hormone is:
a) Somatostatin
b) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone
c) Prolactin
d) Oxytocin
Correct Answer: a) Somatostatin
Explanation: Somatostatin inhibits the release of growth hormone from the anterior pituitary.
- Question: Which of the following glands is also known as the "master gland"?
a) Adrenal gland
b) Pituitary gland
c) Thyroid gland
d) Pineal gland
Correct Answer: b) Pituitary gland
Explanation: The pituitary gland is often referred to as the "master gland" because it controls the secretion of other endocrine glands.
- Question: The main function of the thymus is to:
a) Regulate metabolism
b) Produce red blood cells
c) Support immune function
d) Secrete insulin
Correct Answer: c) Support immune function
Explanation: The thymus plays a key role in the development of T-cells, which are important for the immune system.
- Question: Which of the following hormones promotes the formation of milk in the mammary glands?
a) Oxytocin
b) Growth hormone
c) Prolactin
d) Thyroid hormone
Correct Answer: c) Prolactin
Explanation: Prolactin is the primary hormone involved in the production of milk.
- Question: The hypothalamus is located in which part of the brain?
a) Cerebellum
b) Diencephalon
c) Brainstem
d) Cerebrum
Correct Answer: b) Diencephalon
Explanation: The hypothalamus is located in the diencephalon, part of the brain involved in regulating endocrine functions.
- Question: The thyroid gland produces:
a) Calcitonin
b) Parathyroid hormone
c) Insulin
d) Epinephrine
Correct Answer: a) Calcitonin
Explanation: The thyroid gland produces calcitonin, which helps to regulate calcium levels in the blood.
- Question: Which of the following hormones is released by the pancreas to regulate blood glucose levels?
a) Glucagon
b) Insulin
c) Both a and b
d) Somatostatin
Correct Answer: c) Both a and b
Explanation: Insulin lowers blood glucose levels, while glucagon raises blood glucose levels.
- Question: The pancreas is classified as a:
a) Endocrine gland
b) Exocrine gland
c) Both endocrine and exocrine
d) None of the above
Correct Answer: c) Both endocrine and exocrine
Explanation: The pancreas has both endocrine (insulin and glucagon) and exocrine (digestive enzymes) functions.
- Question: The hormone that increases the blood glucose level by promoting glycogen breakdown is:
a) Insulin
b) Glucagon
c) Cortisol
d) Growth hormone
Correct Answer: b) Glucagon
Explanation: Glucagon stimulates the breakdown of glycogen into glucose, increasing blood glucose levels.
- Question: The primary function of cortisol is:
a) Stimulate milk production
b) Regulate blood glucose levels
c) Control metabolism
d) Both b and c
Correct Answer: d) Both b and c
Explanation: Cortisol helps regulate blood glucose and plays a role in metabolism and stress response.
- Question: Which hormone is primarily involved in regulating the water balance of the body?
a) Prolactin
b) ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
c) Oxytocin
d) Calcitonin
Correct Answer: b) ADH (Antidiuretic hormone)
Explanation: ADH helps the kidneys retain water and regulate body fluid balance.
- Question: The adrenal glands are located:
a) On top of the kidneys
b) In the brain
c) In the neck
d) In the pelvic region
Correct Answer: a) On top of the kidneys
Explanation: The adrenal glands sit on top of each kidney and are involved in stress responses and metabolic functions.
- Question: Which of the following hormones does the adrenal cortex secrete?
a) Epinephrine
b) Norepinephrine
c) Cortisol
d) Growth hormone
Correct Answer: c) Cortisol
Explanation: The adrenal cortex secretes cortisol, a hormone involved in stress response and metabolism.
- Question: The hormone that regulates calcium and phosphate levels in the body is:
a) Insulin
b) Thyroid hormone
c) Parathyroid hormone
d) Aldosterone
Correct Answer: c) Parathyroid hormone
Explanation: Parathyroid hormone increases blood calcium levels by releasing calcium from bones and enhancing calcium absorption from the intestines.
- Question: Which of the following is the major action of thyroid hormones?
a) Control growth and metabolism
b) Stimulate milk production
c) Control blood pressure
d) Control insulin secretion
Correct Answer: a) Control growth and metabolism
Explanation: Thyroid hormones regulate growth, metabolism, and energy expenditure.
- Question: Which of the following is a characteristic of Cushing's syndrome?
a) Hypersecretion of thyroid hormones
b) Hypersecretion of cortisol
c) Hyposecretion of insulin
d) Hypersecretion of growth hormone
Correct Answer: b) Hypersecretion of cortisol
Explanation: Cushing's syndrome is caused by excess cortisol production.
- Question: The hormone secreted by the pancreas that inhibits insulin and glucagon release is:
a) Somatostatin
b) Cortisol
c) Epinephrine
d) Testosterone
Correct Answer: a) Somatostatin
Explanation: Somatostatin inhibits the release of both insulin and glucagon.
- Question: Which of the following hormones is associated with stress response?
a) Insulin
b) Cortisol
c) Thyroxine
d) Estrogen
Correct Answer: b) Cortisol
Explanation: Cortisol is a stress hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex during stressful situations.
- Question: Which of the following hormones is produced by the posterior pituitary?
a) Growth hormone
b) Prolactin
c) Oxytocin
d) Thyroid-stimulating hormone
Correct Answer: c) Oxytocin
Explanation: Oxytocin is produced by the hypothalamus but stored and released by the posterior pituitary.
- Question: Which of the following is the result of aldosterone secretion?
a) Increased sodium retention
b) Increased calcium absorption
c) Increased glucose metabolism
d) Decreased blood pressure
Correct Answer: a) Increased sodium retention
Explanation: Aldosterone increases sodium retention in the kidneys, which helps regulate blood pressure and fluid balance.
- Question: The hormone involved in controlling the release of cortisol is:
a) ACTH
b) TSH
c) GH
d) FSH
Correct Answer: a) ACTH
Explanation: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulates the adrenal cortex to release cortisol.
- Question: Which of the following glands is involved in the production of estrogen?
a) Pituitary gland
b) Thyroid gland
c) Ovaries
d) Adrenal glands
Correct Answer: c) Ovaries
Explanation: Estrogen is primarily produced by the ovaries.
- Question: The function of the hypothalamus is:
a) To produce and release hormones
b) To control hunger and thirst
c) To regulate body temperature
d) All of the above
Correct Answer: d) All of the above
Explanation: The hypothalamus controls various autonomic functions, including hormone release, hunger, thirst, and temperature regulation.
- Question: The main action of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is to:
a) Stimulate insulin secretion
b) Stimulate growth hormone release
c) Stimulate the production of thyroid hormones
d) Stimulate milk production
Correct Answer: c) Stimulate the production of thyroid hormones
Explanation: TSH stimulates the thyroid gland to produce thyroid hormones.
- Question: The release of insulin is primarily regulated by:
a) Blood glucose levels
b) Calcium levels
c) Cortisol
d) Growth hormone
Correct Answer: a) Blood glucose levels
Explanation: Insulin release is triggered by increased blood glucose levels.
- Question: Which of the following hormones is responsible for the maturation of T-cells?
a) Thymosin
b) Insulin
c) Cortisol
d) Growth hormone
Correct Answer: a) Thymosin
Explanation: Thymosin is secreted by the thymus gland and is essential for the maturation of T-cells.
- Question: The gland responsible for the release of parathyroid hormone is the:
a) Pineal gland
b) Thyroid gland
c) Parathyroid gland
d) Adrenal gland
Correct Answer: c) Parathyroid gland
Explanation: The parathyroid gland releases parathyroid hormone, which helps regulate calcium levels in the blood.
- Question: The primary action of estrogen is to:
a) Stimulate milk production
b) Promote development of female reproductive organs
c) Increase blood pressure
d) Promote bone resorption
Correct Answer: b) Promote development of female reproductive organs
Explanation: Estrogen promotes the development of female secondary sexual characteristics and the maintenance of the female reproductive system.
- Question: Which of the following hormones regulates sodium and water balance in the kidneys?
a) Cortisol
b) Aldosterone
c) Parathyroid hormone
d) Insulin
Correct Answer: b) Aldosterone
Explanation: Aldosterone acts on the kidneys to promote sodium reabsorption and water retention.
- Question: Which of the following hormones is involved in the regulation of calcium metabolism?
a) Calcitonin
b) Parathyroid hormone
c) Both a and b
d) None of the above
Correct Answer: c) Both a and b
Explanation: Both calcitonin and parathyroid hormone regulate blood calcium levels by controlling its release from bones.
- Question: The main function of the hormone prolactin is:
a) To regulate metabolism
b) To stimulate milk production
c) To regulate blood pressure
d) To control stress response
Correct Answer: b) To stimulate milk production
Explanation: Prolactin is responsible for stimulating milk production in the mammary glands after childbirth.
- Question: The hormone responsible for the "fight or flight" response and produced by the adrenal medulla is:
a) Adrenaline
b) Cortisol
c) Insulin
d) Progesterone
Correct Answer: a) Adrenaline
Explanation: Adrenaline (epinephrine) is produced by the adrenal medulla and is crucial in preparing the body for a "fight or flight" response during stress.
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