Renal Physiology MBBS basic science MCQ , CEE ,Nepal Renal Physiology MBBS basic science MCQ , CEE ,Nepal Posted by Shyam Sundar Baitha Friday, 25 October 2024 PHYSIOLOGY Digestion Quiz 1. The primary functional unit of the kidney is the? A) Nephron B) Glomerulus C) Loop of Henle D) Collecting duct Submit2. The process of filtering blood to form urine occurs primarily in the? A) Proximal tubule B) Glomerulus C) Distal tubule D) Loop of Henle Submit3. Which hormone regulates water reabsorption in the kidneys? A) Aldosterone B) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) C) Renin D) Angiotensin Submit4. What is the main function of the renal corpuscle? A) Reabsorption B) Filtration C) Secretion D) Concentration Submit5. Which structure connects the kidney to the bladder? A) Urethra B) Ureter C) Renal pelvis D) Collecting duct Submit6. The primary site of sodium reabsorption in the nephron is the? A) Proximal tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct Submit7. Which electrolyte is primarily reabsorbed in the Loop of Henle? A) Potassium B) Calcium C) Sodium D) Magnesium Submit8. The secretion of which hormone increases the reabsorption of sodium in the distal tubule? A) ADH B) Renin C) Aldosterone D) Atrial natriuretic peptide Submit9. The renal threshold for glucose is typically around? A) 80 mg/dL B) 180 mg/dL C) 300 mg/dL D) 400 mg/dL Submit10. The primary mechanism of urine concentration in the kidneys is? A) Filtration B) Secretion C) Osmosis D) Countercurrent multiplication Submit11. Which part of the nephron is impermeable to water? A) Proximal tubule B) Descending Loop of Henle C) Ascending Loop of Henle D) Collecting duct Submit12. What is the primary role of the juxtaglomerular apparatus? A) Secretion of urine B) Regulation of blood pressure C) Filtration of blood D) Reabsorption of nutrients Submit13. The volume of blood that is filtered by the kidneys per minute is known as? A) Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) B) Renal blood flow C) Urinary output D) Tubular reabsorption Submit14. Which of the following is NOT a function of the kidneys? A) Regulation of blood pressure B) Regulation of electrolyte balance C) Production of insulin D) Excretion of metabolic waste Submit15. The hormone that increases calcium reabsorption in the kidneys is? A) Parathyroid hormone B) Aldosterone C) Calcitonin D) Vitamin D Submit16. Which structure forms the outer layer of the kidney? A) Renal cortex B) Renal medulla C) Renal pelvis D) Renal capsule Submit17. What is the primary method of urine formation in the nephron? A) Diffusion B) Filtration C) Active transport D) Osmosis Submit18. The countercurrent exchange mechanism is primarily found in the? A) Proximal tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal tubule D) Collecting duct Submit19. Which of the following best describes the role of the distal convoluted tubule? A) Filtration of blood B) Reabsorption and secretion C) Collection of urine D) Production of urine Submit20. The main site of potassium secretion in the nephron is the? A) Proximal tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct Submit21. Which ion is primarily responsible for maintaining osmotic pressure in the extracellular fluid? A) Calcium B) Sodium C) Potassium D) Chloride Submit22. The glomerular filtration barrier consists of how many layers? A) 1 B) 2 C) 3 D) 4 Submit23. Which condition results from an increase in blood urea nitrogen (BUN)? A) Dehydration B) Hyperhydration C) Kidney failure D) Both A and C Submit24. The renal pelvis collects urine from the? A) Ureter B) Nephrons C) Bladder D) Urethra Submit25. Which type of nephron is primarily involved in the concentration of urine? A) Cortical nephron B) Juxtamedullary nephron C) Subcapsular nephron D) Medullary nephron Submit26. The secretion of hydrogen ions primarily occurs in the? A) Proximal tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct Submit27. The process of reabsorbing glucose in the kidneys is mainly accomplished in the? A) Proximal tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct Submit28. Which structure primarily regulates the final concentration of urine? A) Proximal tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct Submit29. The primary site of filtration in the nephron is the? A) Proximal tubule B) Glomerulus C) Loop of Henle D) Collecting duct Submit30. Which of the following hormones is secreted in response to low blood pressure? A) Aldosterone B) Renin C) ADH D) Atrial natriuretic peptide Submit31. What is the average daily urine output for a healthy adult? A) 500-1000 mL B) 1000-1500 mL C) 1500-2000 mL D) 2000-2500 mL Submit32. The term for urine formation in the kidneys is called? A) Glomerular filtration B) Renal excretion C) Nephrogenesis D) Urinogenesis Submit33. The primary regulatory mechanism of renal blood flow is? A) Hormonal control B) Autoregulation C) Nervous control D) Pressure gradient Submit34. The filtration membrane in the glomerulus is made up of which of the following? A) Simple squamous epithelium B) Cuboidal epithelium C) Columnar epithelium D) Stratified squamous epithelium Submit35. The primary component of urine is? A) Water B) Urea C) Creatinine D) Uric acid Submit36. The presence of protein in urine is known as? A) Hematuria B) Glycosuria C) Proteinuria D) Oliguria Submit37. Which nephron segment is responsible for the reabsorption of bicarbonate? A) Proximal tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct Submit38. The term for the filtering unit of the kidney is? A) Nephron B) Glomerulus C) Cortex D) Medulla Submit39. The main function of the Loop of Henle is to? A) Reabsorb glucose B) Concentrate urine C) Filter blood D) Secrete ions Submit40. Which structure is primarily responsible for the secretion of waste products into the urine? A) Proximal tubule B) Distal tubule C) Loop of Henle D) Collecting duct Submit41. What role does the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) play in the kidneys? A) Decrease blood volume B) Regulate electrolyte balance C) Increase blood pressure D) Both B and C Submit42. The condition characterized by low urine output is known as? A) Oliguria B) Anuria C) Polyuria D) Dysuria Submit43. The hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production is? A) Renin B) Erythropoietin C) Aldosterone D) ADH Submit44. Which part of the nephron is mainly responsible for reabsorbing water? A) Proximal tubule B) Descending Loop of Henle C) Ascending Loop of Henle D) Collecting duct Submit45. What is the effect of diuretics on the renal system? A) Increase water retention B) Decrease urine output C) Increase urine output D) Regulate electrolytes Submit46. Which electrolyte imbalance is commonly associated with renal failure? A) Hyperkalemia B) Hypokalemia C) Hyponatremia D) Hypercalcemia Submit47. The renal blood flow to the kidneys is primarily supplied by which artery? A) Femoral artery B) Renal artery C) Aorta D) Pulmonary artery Submit48. The renal cortex contains which of the following structures? A) Renal pyramids B) Nephrons C) Renal pelvis D) Ureters Submit49. Which type of nephron is primarily involved in excretion rather than filtration? A) Cortical nephron B) Juxtamedullary nephron C) Subcapsular nephron D) Medullary nephron Submit50. What is the main purpose of the macula densa cells? A) Filtration regulation B) Sodium reabsorption C) Blood pressure regulation D) Glucose reabsorption Submit51. Which structure is the primary site of potassium reabsorption? A) Proximal tubule B) Distal convoluted tubule C) Ascending Loop of Henle D) Collecting duct Submit52. Which hormone is responsible for increasing water permeability in the collecting duct? A) Renin B) Aldosterone C) Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) D) Erythropoietin Submit53. The presence of ketones in urine is typically indicative of? A) Diabetes mellitus B) Renal failure C) Dehydration D) Kidney stones Submit54. Which part of the nephron is primarily responsible for reabsorbing most of the filtered water? A) Proximal tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct Submit55. The renal threshold for bicarbonate reabsorption is typically around? A) 22 mEq/L B) 25 mEq/L C) 30 mEq/L D) 35 mEq/L Submit56. The process by which urine is expelled from the bladder is called? A) Micturition B) Filtration C) Excretion D) Reabsorption Submit57. The role of the bladder is to? A) Store urine B) Produce urine C) Filter blood D) Reabsorb nutrients Submit58. What is the name of the opening at the base of the bladder where urine exits the body? A) Ureter B) Urethra C) Ureterostomy D) Renal pelvis Submit59. Which of the following conditions may cause an increase in uric acid levels? A) Gout B) Diabetes C) Hypertension D) All of the above Submit60. The renal tubule is responsible for? A) Glomerular filtration B) Reabsorption and secretion C) Blood pressure regulation D) Erythropoiesis Submit61. Which part of the nephron is most affected in diabetic nephropathy? A) Glomerulus B) Proximal tubule C) Distal tubule D) Collecting duct Submit62. The average glomerular filtration rate (GFR) for a healthy adult is approximately? A) 60 mL/min B) 90 mL/min C) 120 mL/min D) 150 mL/min Submit63. Which process occurs in the distal convoluted tubule? A) Filtration B) Reabsorption C) Secretion D) Both B and C Submit64. What is the primary function of the renal medulla? A) Filtration of blood B) Concentration of urine C) Hormone secretion D) Storage of urine Submit65. The amount of urine produced in a day is influenced by which of the following factors? A) Fluid intake B) Body temperature C) Physical activity D) All of the above Submit66. Which segment of the nephron has the highest concentration of sodium reabsorption? A) Proximal tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct Submit67. Which condition is characterized by the presence of blood in the urine? A) Hematuria B) Oliguria C) Anuria D) Dysuria Submit68. The primary site of bicarbonate reabsorption is the? A) Proximal tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct Submit69. The kidneys play a vital role in regulating which of the following? A) Blood pH B) Blood pressure C) Electrolyte balance D) All of the above Submit70. The function of podocytes in the kidney is to? A) Filter blood B) Secrete hormones C) Reabsorb nutrients D) Produce urine Submit71. Which of the following substances is NOT normally found in urine? A) Urea B) Glucose C) Creatinine D) Uric acid Submit72. The urinary bladder is lined with which type of epithelium? A) Simple squamous B) Stratified squamous C) Transitional epithelium D) Cuboidal Submit73. The main driving force for glomerular filtration is? A) Osmotic pressure B) Hydrostatic pressure C) Blood pressure D) Oncotic pressure Submit74. Which of the following structures is responsible for urine transport to the bladder? A) Urethra B) Ureter C) Renal pelvis D) Nephron Submit75. Which electrolyte is primarily secreted in the collecting duct? A) Sodium B) Potassium C) Calcium D) Magnesium Submit76. The primary site of urea recycling in the kidney is the? A) Proximal tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct Submit77. The presence of bilirubin in urine is indicative of? A) Liver disease B) Renal failure C) Diabetes D) Dehydration Submit78. The primary structure responsible for the reabsorption of sodium is the? A) Proximal tubule B) Loop of Henle C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct Submit79. What condition is characterized by the inability to concentrate urine? A) Diabetes insipidus B) Renal failure C) Nephrotic syndrome D) Hypernatremia Submit80. Which of the following is a common test to assess kidney function? A) Blood glucose test B) Urinalysis C) Complete blood count D) Electrolyte panel Submit81. Which of the following structures is involved in the filtration process? A) Renal tubule B) Renal corpuscle C) Renal pelvis D) Ureter Submit82. What is the primary role of aquaporins in the kidney? A) Reabsorb glucose B) Facilitate water reabsorption C) Secrete potassium D) Filter blood Submit83. The renal pelvis is responsible for? A) Filtration B) Urine collection C) Reabsorption D) Secretion Submit84. The presence of high levels of creatinine in the blood is indicative of? A) Normal kidney function B) Renal impairment C) Liver disease D) Dehydration Submit85. Which of the following is a common cause of acute kidney injury? A) Dehydration B) Hypertension C) Diabetes mellitus D) All of the above Submit86. The primary site of filtration in the kidney is? A) Proximal tubule B) Glomerulus C) Distal convoluted tubule D) Collecting duct Submit87. The hormone that promotes sodium reabsorption in the kidneys is? A) Aldosterone B) Antidiuretic hormone C) Natriuretic peptide D) Renin Submit88. Which of the following is an indicator of kidney function? A) Glucose levels B) Urea levels C) Hemoglobin levels D) Calcium levels Submit89. The process by which substances are removed from the blood and added to the filtrate is called? A) Filtration B) Reabsorption C) Secretion D) Excretion Submit90. The presence of excess urea in the blood is known as? A) Uremia B) Azotemia C) Hematuria D) Oliguria Submit91. The kidney's role in acid-base balance involves the reabsorption of? A) Bicarbonate B) Hydrogen ions C) Phosphate D) All of the above Submit92. Which type of kidney stone is most common? A) Calcium stones B) Uric acid stones C) Struvite stones D) Cystine stones Submit93. Which of the following conditions can result from chronic kidney disease? A) Hypertension B) Anemia C) Bone disease D) All of the above Submit94. The kidney's response to low blood oxygen is to secrete? A) Renin B) Erythropoietin C) Aldosterone D) Antidiuretic hormone Submit95. The kidney's filtration barrier is primarily composed of? A) Endothelial cells B) Podocytes C) Basement membrane D) All of the above Submit96. The most common cause of chronic kidney disease is? A) Glomerulonephritis B) Diabetes mellitus C) Hypertension D) Polycystic kidney disease Submit97. The primary action of diuretics is to? A) Increase urine output B) Decrease blood pressure C) Promote sodium retention D) Enhance potassium secretion Submit98. Which of the following is a sign of urinary tract infection (UTI)? A) Hematuria B) Dysuria C) Increased frequency of urination D) All of the above Submit99. Which of the following tests is commonly used to assess renal function? A) Serum creatinine B) Blood glucose C) Serum electrolytes D) Complete blood count Submit100. The primary role of the kidneys in the body is to? A) Produce hormones B) Filter blood and produce urine C) Regulate blood pressure D) Maintain electrolyte balance Submit
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